A 20-year-old woman comes to the office for a refill of oral contraceptives The patient is in a new monogamous relationship that began 6 months ago. The couple also uses condoms as back-up contraception. The patient became sexually active at age 14 and has had 5 lifetime partners Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. The patient has regular menses lasting 4-5 days every 28 days. The periods were previously accompanied by menstrual cramps for the first 2 days, as well as the day before. This pain has improved since she started taking oral contraceptives along with ibuprofen. The patient did not receive human papillomavirus vaccination and has never had a Pap test or pelvic examination. Medical history is unremarkable. She smokes cigarettes socially but does not use alcohol or illicit drugs Vital signs are normal. Physical examination shows normal external genitalia without any lesions. What is the most appropriate next step in management of this patient?
A Give human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccineB. Perform Pap test
C. Perform Pap test with HPV test
D. Provide reassurance and schedule follow-up for next year
Human papillomavirus | |
• Cervical cancer • Vulvar & vaginal cancers • Anal cancer • Penile cancer • Oropharyngeal cancer • Genital warts | Disease associations |
• All girls & women* age 11-26 • Boys & men age 9-21 (9-26 for men who have sex with men; individuals with HIV) | Vaccine indications |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and has been linked to multiple diseases, including condylomata acuminata as well as vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, and cervical cancer. Persistent HPV infection (particularly with types 16 and 18) results in cellular dysplasia as the incorporation of viral DNA creates increased pro-oncogenic protein expression and inhibits normal cellular regulation The HPV vaccination induces an antibody response that decreases the risk of future HPV infection and subsequent related diseases. Routine administration of the vaccine series begins at age 11-12, and catchup vaccination should be offered until age 26 for patients w,ho are either unvaccinated or did not complete the series (Choice D).
(Choices Band C) Pap testing begins at age 21 in immunocompetent patients regardless of the age of onset of sexual activity or number of sexual partners Although most young women (age <30) become infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity, the infection is typically cleared and does not progress to cervical dysplasia or cancer. Routine HPV testing in this population increases the rate of unnecessary cervical procedures and thereby increases the risk of pregnancy complications (eg, cervical
insufficiency}
(Choice E) Previous or current HPV infection is not a contraindication to HPV vaccination. In addition, HPV testing in this age group is not indicated due to high rates of both infection and clearance.
Educational objective:
Human papillomavirus (HPV} vaccination is recommended to prevent HPV-related disease; it is administered beginning at age 11-12 and can be received until age 26. Cervical cancer screening with Pap testing begins at age 21 regardless of the age of onset of sexual activity in immunocompetent patients
Nhận xét
Đăng nhận xét